Ward: Education

211

Confusions and Erasures of Error-Bounded Block Decoders with Finite Blocklength

arXiv:2512.16665v1 Announce Type: new
Abstract: This paper investigates two distinct types of block errors - undetected errors (confusions) and erasures - in additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channels with error-bounded block decoders operating in the finite blocklength (FBL) regime. While block…

220

Value Lens: Using Large Language Models to Understand Human Values

arXiv:2512.15722v1 Announce Type: new
Abstract: The autonomous decision-making process, which is increasingly applied to computer systems, requires that the choices made by these systems align with human values. In this context, systems must assess how well their decisions reflect human values. To …

111

Long-Term X-Ray Variability on the Benchmark YSO HL Tau

Steven M. Silverberg et al 2025 AJ 169 177 Twenty years of observations show a consistently hot temperature for the plasma surrounding HL Tau, similar to what is seen for other protostars in the same evolutionary stage.
The post Long-Term X-Ray Variability on the Benchmark YSO HL Tau appeared first …

220

Hull Clustering with Blended Representative Periods for Energy System Optimization Models

arXiv:2508.21641v2 Announce Type: replace-cross
Abstract: The growing integration of renewable energy sources into power systems requires planning models to account for not only demand variability but also fluctuations in renewable availability during operational periods. Capturing this temporal de…

109

Thermodynamics a la Souriau on K\"ahler Non Compact Symmetric Spaces for Cartan Neural Networks

arXiv:2512.16772v1 Announce Type: new
Abstract: In this paper, we clarify several issues concerning the abstract geometrical formulation of thermodynamics on non compact symmetric spaces $\mathrm{U/H}$ that are the mathematical model of hidden layers in the new paradigm of Cartan Neural Networks. W…

211

Efficient Bitcoin Meta-Protocol Transaction and Data Discovery Through nLockTime Field Repurposing

arXiv:2512.16683v1 Announce Type: new
Abstract: We describe the Lockchain Protocol, a lightweight Bitcoin meta-protocol that enables highly efficient transaction discovery at zero marginal block space cost, and data verification without introducing any new on-chain storage mechanism. The protocol r…

241

Anubuddhi: A Multi-Agent AI System for Designing and Simulating Quantum Optics Experiments

arXiv:2512.15736v1 Announce Type: new
Abstract: We present Anubuddhi, a multi-agent AI system that designs and simulates quantum optics experiments from natural language prompts without requiring specialized programming knowledge. The system composes optical layouts by arranging components from a t…

109

A non-negativity-preserving cut-cell discontinuous Galerkin method for the diffusive wave equation

arXiv:2512.16525v1 Announce Type: new
Abstract: A non-negativity-preserving cut-cell discontinuous Galerkin method for the degenerate parabolic diffusive wave approximation of the shallow water equation is presented. The method can handle continuous and discontinuous bathymmetry as well as general …

210

Lyapunov-based Adaptive Transformer (LyAT) for Control of Stochastic Nonlinear Systems

arXiv:2512.15996v1 Announce Type: new
Abstract: This paper presents a novel Lyapunov-based Adaptive Transformer (LyAT) controller for stochastic nonlinear systems. While transformers have shown promise in various control applications due to sequential modeling through self-attention mechanisms, the…

44

Pressing pause: A small genetic stop may have helped complex life evolve

Humans have it. So does Drosophila. But not yeast. That "it" is a small pause at the start of gene activity—a brief molecular halt that may have helped life evolve from simple cells to complex animals.

229

How ancient viral DNA shapes early embryonic development

A new study from the MRC Laboratory of Medical Sciences (LMS) in London, UK reveals how ancient viral DNA once written off as "junk" plays a crucial role in the earliest moments of life. The research, published in Science Advances, begins to untangle the role of an ancient viral DNA element called M…

345

How mountain building and climate change have shaped alpine biodiversity over 30 million years

In a study published in Science Advances on December 19, researchers from Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden (XTBG) of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, along with collaborators from international institutions, explored the impact of mountain building and climate cooling over 30 million years ac…

109

A Long-Standing Spintronics Mystery May Finally Be Solved

A long-standing explanation for magnetoresistance may be incomplete. New evidence suggests a universal interfacial mechanism is at play. A major advance in spintronics came with the discovery of unusual magnetoresistance (UMR). In this effect, the electrical resistance of a heavy metal changes when …

210

Scientific Machine Learning of Chaotic Systems Discovers Governing Equations for Neural Populations

arXiv:2507.03631v3 Announce Type: replace
Abstract: Discovering governing equations that describe complex chaotic systems remains a fundamental challenge in physics and neuroscience. Here, we introduce the PEM-UDE method, which combines the prediction-error method with universal differential equati…

331

Tracking Wildfire Assets with Commodity RFID and Gaussian Process Modeling

arXiv:2512.15956v1 Announce Type: new
Abstract: This paper presents a novel, cost-effective, and scalable approach to track numerous assets distributed in forested environments using commodity Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) targeting wildfire response applications. Commodity RFID systems suf…

110

Fine-Tuning Discrete Diffusion Models with Policy Gradient Methods

arXiv:2502.01384v3 Announce Type: replace-cross
Abstract: Discrete diffusion models have recently gained significant attention due to their ability to process complex discrete structures for language modeling. However, fine-tuning these models with policy gradient methods, as is commonly done in Re…

231

How Data Centers Redefined Energy and Power in 2025

Energy-efficient AI, battery storage systems, and renewed interest in nuclear have reshaped how data centers generate, consume, and manage energy.

111

Scientists Solve a Hidden Battery Cracking Mystery That Shortens Lifespan and Raises Fire Risk

A new study shows that promising single-crystal battery materials degrade for reasons scientists hadn’t fully recognized before. Scientists at Argonne National Laboratory and the UChicago Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering (UChicago PME) have identified the source of a long-standing problem in…

218

OpenNER 1.0: Standardized Open-Access Named Entity Recognition Datasets in 50+ Languages

arXiv:2412.09587v3 Announce Type: replace
Abstract: We present OpenNER 1.0, a standardized collection of openly-available named entity recognition (NER) datasets. OpenNER contains 36 NER corpora that span 52 languages, human-annotated in varying named entity ontologies. We correct annotation format…

111

Hybrid deep-learning model eases brachytherapy planning

The BCTVNet neural network provides accurate and rapid target volume delineation for cervical cancer brachytherapy
The post Hybrid deep-learning model eases brachytherapy planning appeared first on Physics World.